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R I G H T form of V E R B S

Verb1 (Base Form):

To, Modals (can, could, shall, should, will, would, may, might,   dare, need, must, let), Had better, Would  rather, Do, Does, Did ( not )

Ought to, Have/Has/Had to, Cannot but

Verb1 (Present Form)[s/es added if the Subject is 3rd person singular number) 

Always, usually, often, sometimes, generally, daily, occasionally, normally, at times, as usual, frequently, now and then, today.

Every + time (day, week, month, season, year, era, century)  

Verb 2 (Past Form) :

Yesterday, ago, long ago, once, then, at that time, long since, in the past,

Wish, fancy, it is time, it is high time, before,

Last + time ( day, night, week, month, season, year, era, century)

Incidents of past, history, and dead man.

Verb 3 (Past Participle):

To Have ( have, has, had, having )​

To Be (am, is, are, was, were, be, been, being), Get, got, getting.

(have/has + V3 ):

Recently, lately, already, yet, by this time, in the meantime, meanwhile, just, just now

Verb 4 [Present Participle] (ing ):

Prepositions (of for from on in into before after by with without through at…....)

With a view to, with an eye to, look forward to, get/be used to, addicted to, devoted to, prefer to, habituated to, mind, would you mind, can/could not help, worth, past, while, It is no use

(Am/is/are + V+ing):

now, in this moment, at present, day by day

Structural Forms

1. If/ Unless + Sub + V1 > Sub + shall/will + V1 + Ext.

Ex: If you study well, You will make a good result.

2. If/ Unless + Sub + V2 > Sub + would/could + V1 + Ext.

Ex: Unless he went there, I could not meet him.

3. If/ Unless + Sub + had + V3 > Sub + would/could have + V3

Ex: If you had written the letter, I would have posted it.

4. Had + Sub + V3 > Sub + would/could have + V3 + Ext.

Ex: Had she seen the bird, she would have caught it.

5. Sub + V1 + since/as if/as though > Sub + V2 + Ext.

Ex: It is many years since I saw him.

6. Sub + V2 + since/as if/as though > Sub + had + V3 + Ext

Ex: It was dark as if we had seen nothing.

7. Sub + V1 + as if/as though + Sub + (be) > were.

Ex: She laughs as though she were frantic.

8. Sub + V1/V2 + ext + lest > Sub + should/might + V1 + Ext

Ex: He ran fast lest he should miss the train.

9. Would that + Sub > could + V1+ Ext.

Ex: Would that I could earn a lot of money!

    10. Sub + Verb + so that > S + can/could + V1 + ext.

     Ex: We eat food so that we can/may live well.

    11. No sooner had + S + V3 + ext >than+ Sub + V2+ ext.

         Ex: No sooner had I seen him than I met him.

    12. Scarcely/hardly had+S+V3> when + Sub + V2 + ext.

         Ex: Hardly had we gone home when the rain came.  

    13. It is time/ it is high time > Sub + Verb2 + Ext.

         Ex: It is high time Amrita came back to me.

    14. Sub + V + so + adj/adv + that > S + can/could+not+V1+ext

         Ex: You are so studious that you cannot fail in the exam.

    15. Sub +had better> Verb1 + ext.

         Ex: Police had better find out the criminals at first.

    16. Sub + would rather > Verb1 + than + Verb1 + ext.

         Ex: Dipannita would rather suicide than marry at teenage

17.

Principal Clause

Present/Future Tense = >Sub ordinate Clause - Simple Past Tense (Sub + Verb 2)

Other Tense = > Past Ind/con/per or Present

     18. Sub + Verb2 + ext + after > Sub + had + Verb3 + ext.

          Ex: She reached home after I had gone away.

     19. Sub + had + Verb3 + before + Sub + Verb2 + ext

          Ex: He had seen me before I met him.

     20. While + Sub > was/were + Verb + ing + ext.

          Ex: I saw a dead cow while I was walking along the road.

     21. Sub + Verb + Adj + enough > to + Verb1 + ext

​​Ex: You are strong enough to carry the load.

​   22. Let alone > Dissimilar word

​​Ex: He cannot walk a mile let alone ten miles

     23. Since/As/When/Though/Although + Past Tense > Past Ind./Con./Per. Tense

​​Ex: Since you knew the place, you reached there first of all.

​​      As he ate a lot of foods, he was feeling sick.

​​      When you came home, mother was cooking then.

​​      Though they promised to play well, they had forgotten the promise.

24. Would you mind > Verb + ing + ext.

Ex: Would you mind opening the window?

25. Sub + Verb + too + Adj > to + Verb1 + ext

Ex: You are too weak to work now.

Agreement between Subject & Verb

Singular verb: Generally follows a singular SUBJECT.

Plural Verb:   Generally follows a plural SUBJECT.

Singular verbs:   Is, was, has, had, Verb + s/es

Plural Verbs:  Are, were, have, had, Verb (Without s/es)

R -1: There are some plural nouns that take plural verbs: Scissors, optics, spectacles, wages,  

        asset, ashes, alms, amends, trousers, shorts, glasses, pants, shoes, thanks, aborigines.

R -2: a) Two subjects connected with ‘and’ take a plural verb.

            Rubel and Rashel are brothers; Pen and pencil have been bought.

        b) If the two subjects express the same think or concept, they take a sing. Verb.

            Slow and steady wins the race.

        c) If ‘The’ is used once: sing. Verb; If twice: plural verb.

            The MP and Minister calls a meeting; The poet and the novelist are present.    

R -3: Indefinite pronouns such as– Anybody, Anyone, Anything, Somebody, Someone,    

       Something, Everybody, Everyone, Everything, Nobody, No one, None, Nothing, One of ,

       Each of , Every of , Each, Every etc. always take Singular Verb.

       Ex:  Nothing appeals me much. Everybody admires a beautiful thing.

R -4: When two subjects are connected with – With, together with, along with, as well as,  

       accompanied by, in addition to, and not; then the verb follows the first sub.

       Ex: Pritom along with his brothers is conscious of health.

           Some robbers and not the thief have ransacked the house.

R -5: Some nouns seem to be plural but they are singular: Mathematics, News, Physics, Politics,    

       whereabouts, gallows, statistics, Dynamics; So they take Singular verb.

       Ex:  My whereabouts is not good at all.

R -6: Some nouns seem to be singular but they are plural :  People, Public, Mankind, folk, Gentry,  

       cattle, Vermin, Aristocrat, Nobility, Poultry, Peasantry, Dozen etc.  So, they take Plural verb.

       Ex:    Mankind have lost their value;  

               Vermin are spoiling the corn field.

R -7: Name of Book, Novel, Poem, Film, Story, Newspaper, Country, Drama etc. may be plural  

       but they take singular verb.

        Ex:   Loves for Cathedral is a great story.

R -8: Infinitive, Gerund, Verbal noun, Clause, Phrase, Dozen (ph), Pair, Hundred, Thousand, Score,  

       etc take Sing. Verb.

       Ex:  Writing letters is his hobby

             A Pair of shoes was on the floor.

R-9: The +Adj. generally takes a plural verb  because it means a group.

       Ex: The honest are properly happy.

R-10: Certain Time, Distance, Money, Age, Weight etc. always take a singular verb.

       Ex:    10 years was his age.

R-11: When two subjects are connected with or, nor, either... or, neither.... nor, not only..... but

        also, then the verb follows the 2nd subject .

       Ex:   Either he or his parents were present.

              Neither she nor her mother has gone there.

R- 12 ‘There’ & ‘here’ follow the noun set after the verb.

       Ex: There were many people.

  ​  There was a tree. Here comes the doctor.                          

R- 13. Agree, Attempt, Claim, decide, demand, desire, expect, fail, forget, hesitate, hope,    

         intend, learn, need, offer, promise, plan, prepare, refuse, strive, tend, want, wishà

         Infinitive (to + V1)

         Ex: We attempted to touch the roof.

R- 14. Admit, enjoy, report, appreciate, finish, avoid, mind, resist, miss, resume, consider, risk,

          delay, practice, suggest, deny, quit, stop, prefer, like, feel like, mind, enjoyà verb + ing

          Ex: They delayed reaching the place.

R- 15. S + get /Have/want/ + object = Verb3

          Ex: Amrita got her food cooked.

R- 16. For /since + Time = S + have been/has been + V + ing.

          Ex: The man has been working here for three hours

               People have been waiting at the station since morning.

R- 18. Advised, important, required, mandatory, recommend, urgent, suggested, obligatory,  

         Proposed, imperative + that + S + V1 (base form).

          Ex: It is obligatory that he attend the class.